History of chess, briefly

The history of chess spans over fifteen hundred years and begins in India. Here are the main milestones in the development of this ancient game:
### Early History
1. **Indian Origins (6th century AD)**: Chess is believed to have originated from the Indian game chaturanga (Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग), which appeared around the 6th century. Chaturanga translates to "four divisions of the military," representing infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots. The game was played on an 8x8 board, similar to the modern chessboard.
2. **Persian Adaptation (7th century AD)**: Chaturanga spread to Persia, where it evolved into the game of shatranj. In shatranj, the pieces and rules were closer to modern chess but still had significant differences.
3. **Spread in the Islamic World (7th-9th centuries AD)**: With the spread of Islam, chess became popular in the Arab world, from where it spread to Spain and other parts of Europe.
### Middle Ages
4. **European Transformation (10th-15th centuries AD)**: In Europe, chess continued to change. By the 11th-12th centuries, chess had become popular among European nobility. During this period, changes were made to the pieces and rules. For example, the queen and bishop acquired their modern moves only by the end of the 15th century in Spain and Italy.
5. **Publication of the First Chess Books**: At the end of the 15th century, the first printed chess book, "Repetición de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez" by Spanish author Luis Ramírez de Lucena, was published.
### Modern Times
6. **Formation of Modern Rules (15th-16th centuries)**: By the 16th century, modern chess rules were firmly established in Europe, including the "Spanish Opening" and other openings still used today.
7. **Emergence of Chess Clubs and Tournaments (18th-19th centuries)**: In the 18th century, chess clubs began to be established, and in the 19th century, the first international tournaments were held. The London tournament of 1851 is considered the first modern chess tournament.
8. **Chess Titles and Organizations (20th century)**: In 1924, the International Chess Federation (FIDE) was established, which began to award the title of International Grandmaster. Chess became more structured, with official rules and regulations.
### Contemporary Era
9. **Computers and Chess (20th-21st centuries)**: In the 20th century, computers began to be used to analyze chess games. In 1997, IBM's computer Deep Blue defeated world champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match for the first time. Today, chess programs and online platforms play a significant role in the development and popularization of chess.
### Influence on Culture and Society
Chess has deeply penetrated world culture, is studied in schools, used as a tool for teaching logical thinking and strategy, and often serves as a metaphor for various aspects of life and science.
The history of chess is a story of evolution, adaptation, and the spread of culture that spans many centuries and numerous civilizations.